In this post we will explain how you can create your own Debian rootfs with pre-installed packages of your choice, which to allow tiny Linux images to be created.
All steps below should work on any Debian host (Debian/Ubuntu etc) and are verified with Ubuntu 12.04LTS.
First of all you need to install the support packages on your pc
sudo apt-get install qemu-user-static debootstrap binfmt-support
Next you need to choose the version of Debian in this case we are building a wheezy image.
targetdir=rootfs distro=wheezy
Now we will build first stage of Debian rootfs :
mkdir $targetdir sudo debootstrap --arch=armhf --foreign $distro $targetdir
Next copy the qemu-arm-static binary into the right place for the binfmt packages to find it and copy in resolv.conf from the host.
sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static $targetdir/usr/bin/ sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf $targetdir/etc
If everything is right we now have a minimal Debian Rootfs
sudo chroot $targetdir
Inside the chroot we need to set up the environment again
distro=wheezy export LANG=C
Now we are setup the second stage of debootstrap needs to run install the packages downloaded earlier
/debootstrap/debootstrap --second-stage
Once the package installation has finished, setup some support files and apt configuration.
cat <<EOT > /etc/apt/sources.list deb http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian $distro main contrib non-free deb-src http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian $distro main contrib non-free deb http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian $distro-updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian $distro-updates main contrib non-free deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security $distro/updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security $distro/updates main contrib non-free EOT
Update Debian package database:
apt-get update
set up locales dpkg scripts tend to complain otherwise, note in jessie you will also need to install the dialog package as well.
apt-get install locales dialog dpkg-reconfigure locales
Install some useful packages inside the chroot
apt-get install openssh-server ntpdate
Set a root password so you can login
passwd
Build a basic network interface file so that the board will DHCP on eth0
echo <<EOT >> /etc/network/interfaces allow-hotplug eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.1.254 netmask 255.255.255.248 gateway 192.168.1.1 EOT
Note: Your board will be accessible over SSH on IP address defined above !
Set the hostname
echo nameme > /etc/hostname
Enable the serial console, Debian sysvinit way
echo T0:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 115200 vt100 >> /etc/inittab
We are done inside the chroot, so quit the chroot shell
exit
Tidy up the support files
sudo rm $targetdir/etc/resolv.conf sudo rm $targetdir/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static
Now you have your Debian rootfs. Next step is to build Kernel, Uboot and to make your SD-card as explained in our early posts and Build instructions but instead to use the rootfs in the posts you can use your own minimal rootfs which you created above. The rootfs image created above is approx 150MB, it could be made smaller if you remove more packages.
Special thanks to Dimitar Gamishev (aka HEHOPMAJIEH) for creating this tutorial.
Balau
Jul 21, 2014 @ 20:26:54
Reblogged this on Freedom Embedded and commented:
This procedure creates a root filesystem for an ARM Linux box, and it can be done from a non-ARM Debian-based system such as an x86 Ubuntu desktop.
iljuxa
Nov 11, 2014 @ 17:31:05
Very useful thank you very very much!
prajosh.premdas
Nov 19, 2014 @ 11:54:14
Reblogged this on Prajosh Premdas and commented:
This is a good read for creating rootfs for debian versions. To login as root without password remove * in this line root:*:16393:0:99999:7::: of /etc/shadow file.
pops
Nov 26, 2016 @ 12:25:58
excellent, thank you
Driss
Dec 30, 2016 @ 00:54:33
Very useful thank you