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Strychnos nux-vomica L.

Accepted
Strychnos nux-vomica L.
Strychnos nux-vomica L.
Strychnos nux-vomica L.
Strychnos nux-vomica L.
Strychnos nux-vomica L.
Strychnos nux-vomica L.
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🗒 Synonyms
synonymStrychnos colubrina Auct. ex DC.
synonymStrychnos lucida Wall.
synonymStrychnos nux-vomica var. oligosperma Dop
synonymStrychnos ovalifolia Stokes
synonymStrychnos spireana Dop
synonymStrychnos vomica St. Lag.
synonymStrychnos wallichiana Steud.
🗒 Common Names
Assamese
  • Masuri-kendu
  • Nak-bhomika
English
  • Nux-vomica
  • Nux-vomica tree
  • Poison nut
  • Snake wood
  • Snake-wood
  • Strychnine Tree
Hin
  • Kuchila
Hindi
  • Kuchila
Irula
  • Yettimaram
Malayalam
  • Etti
  • Kangnalam
  • Kanjeram
  • Kanjiram
  • Kanniram
  • Kariram
Other
  • Etti
  • Kanjirai
  • Kasaraka
  • Kuchla
  • Nux Vomica
  • Poison Nut
  • Quaker Buttons
  • Semen Strychnos
  • Strychnine Tree
  • Yetti
Tamil
  • Kanjaram
  • Yetti
📚 Overview
Overview
Summary
Brief
Flowering class: Dicot Habit: Tree
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Contributors 
D. Narasimhan
Status UNDER_CREATION
Licenses CC_BY
References 
    Diagnostic Keys
    Description
    Habit: Tree
    G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
    Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY
    References 
      Trees, to 20 m high, bark thin, yellowish or blackish-grey, smooth or scurfy with lenticels; blaze creamy yellow. Leaves simple, opposite, estipulate; petiole 5-13 mm, slender, glabrous; lamina 5-14 x 2-9 cm, elliptic, broadly elliptic or elliptic-ovate, base acute to attenuate, apex acute or obtuse, margin entire, glabrous, shiny, coriaceous; 3-5 nerved from base, prominent, glabrous; intercostae reticulate. Flowers bisexual, greenish-white, in terminal sessile cymes, sessile, tomentose, bract 5 mm; bracteole 1.5 mm; calyx lobes 4, 1 mm long, triangular, acute, pubescent; corolla greenish-yellow, tube 10 mm long, longer than lobes, slightly hairy near the base within, lobes 4, 4 x 1.5 mm, oblong, acute; stamens 4, anthers sessile inserted at the throat of corolla tube; ovary 2-celled, ovules many in each cell. Fruit a berry, 3-5 cm across, globose, yellowish-red or orange, glabrous; seeds 3 or 4, orbicular, flat, shiny, greenish-white, coin like, 2-2.5 cm diameter.
      Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
      Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
      Contributors 
      Status UNDER_CREATION
      Licenses CC_BY
      References 
        Habit: A medium-sized deciduous tree, upto 12m.
        Keystone Foundation
        Attributions Keystone Foundation
        Contributors 
        Status UNDER_CREATION
        Licenses CC_BY
        References 
          No Data
          📚 Natural History
          Cyclicity
          Flowering and fruiting: March-December
          Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
          Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
          Contributors 
          Status UNDER_CREATION
          Licenses CC_BY
          References 
            Morphology

            Growth Form

            Tree
            Tree
            Flower

            In terminal or axillary cymes; greenish. Flowering from March-April.

            Fruit

            A globose berry, thick shelled, orange when ripe; seeds 4, globose or compressed. Fruiting throughout the year.

            Field tips

            Bark thin, dark grey or yellowish-grey. Leaves 3-nerved from base. Flowers and fruits emit a fenugreek smell.

            Leaf Arrangement

            Opposite

            Leaf Type

            Simple

            Leaf Shape

            Ovate-orbicular

            Leaf Apex

            Obtuse-acute

            Leaf Base

            Attenuate

            Leaf Margin

            Entire

            Keystone Foundation
            Attributions Keystone Foundation
            Contributors 
            Status UNDER_CREATION
            Licenses CC_BY
            References 
              Miscellaneous Details
              Notes: Plains to Mid elevation, Deciduous Forests
              G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
              Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
              Contributors 
              Status UNDER_CREATION
              Licenses CC_BY
              References 
                Seeds contains Strychnine and collected for export and trade.
                Keystone Foundation
                Attributions Keystone Foundation
                Contributors 
                Status UNDER_CREATION
                Licenses CC_BY
                References 
                  No Data
                  📚 Habitat and Distribution
                  General Habitat
                  Forested areas
                  Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.
                  Attributions Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.
                  Contributors 
                  Status UNDER_CREATION
                  Licenses CC_BY
                  References 
                    Common. Foothills to 1400 m. Indian Subcontinent.
                    Keystone Foundation
                    Attributions Keystone Foundation
                    Contributors 
                    Status UNDER_CREATION
                    Licenses CC_BY
                    References 
                      Moist and dry deciduous forests, also in the plains
                      Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                      Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                      Contributors 
                      Status UNDER_CREATION
                      Licenses CC_BY
                      References 
                        Description
                        Maharashtra: Kolhapur, Raigad, Ratnagiri, Sindhudurg Karnataka: Belgaum, Chikmagalur, Coorg, Mysore, N. Kanara, Shimoga, S. Kanara Kerala: All districts Tamil Nadu: All districts
                        G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                        Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                        Contributors 
                        Status UNDER_CREATION
                        Licenses CC_BY
                        References 
                          Global Distribution

                          India: Assam, Kerala, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh

                          Local Distribution

                          Nagaon

                          Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.
                          Attributions Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.
                          Contributors 
                          Status UNDER_CREATION
                          Licenses CC_BY
                          References 
                            Global Distribution

                            Indo-Malesia

                            Indian distribution

                            State - Kerala, District/s: All Districts

                            Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                            Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                            Contributors 
                            Status UNDER_CREATION
                            Licenses CC_BY
                            References 
                              Found in deciduous and semi-evergreen forests from plains to 1400m. Common. India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Indo-China and Malesia.
                              Keystone Foundation
                              Attributions Keystone Foundation
                              Contributors 
                              Status UNDER_CREATION
                              Licenses CC_BY
                              References 
                                No Data
                                📚 Occurrence
                                No Data
                                📚 Uses and Management
                                Uses

                                System of Medicines Used In

                                Homoeopathy
                                Homoeopathy
                                Ayurveda
                                Ayurveda
                                Folk medicine
                                Folk medicine
                                Siddha
                                Siddha
                                Unani
                                Unani
                                Modern medicine
                                Modern medicine
                                Traditional chinese medicine
                                Traditional chinese medicine
                                Sowa-Rigpa
                                Sowa-Rigpa

                                The seed contains a chemical called `strychnine' extensively used for preparation of medicines.

                                Keystone Foundation
                                Attributions Keystone Foundation
                                Contributors 
                                Status UNDER_CREATION
                                Licenses CC_BY
                                References 
                                  System Of Medicines Used In

                                  Ayurveda, Homoeopathy, Folk medicine, Sowa-Rigpa, Unani, Siddha, Modern medicine, Traditional chinese medicine

                                  FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1995
                                  Attributions FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1995
                                  Contributors 
                                  Status UNDER_CREATION
                                  Licenses CC_BY
                                  References 
                                    Medicinal
                                    Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                                    Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                                    Contributors 
                                    Status UNDER_CREATION
                                    Licenses CC_BY
                                    References 
                                      Folklore

                                      Sap from the bark applied to heal cracked feet. Common langur eat the fruits.

                                      Keystone Foundation
                                      Attributions Keystone Foundation
                                      Contributors 
                                      Status UNDER_CREATION
                                      Licenses CC_BY
                                      References 
                                        No Data
                                        📚 Information Listing
                                        References
                                        1. D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1995
                                        1. Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987
                                        1. Strychnos nux-vomica L., Sp. Pl. 189. 1753; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4: 90. 1883; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 868(610). 1923; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 171. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 262. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 234. 1985; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 289. 1988; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 250. 1989; 444; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 296. 1990; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 303. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 228. 1995; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 11,17. 1996; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 297. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 212. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 430. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 256. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 201. 1999; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 199. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 324. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 447. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 542. 2009.
                                        Information Listing > References
                                        1. D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1995
                                        2. Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987
                                        3. Strychnos nux-vomica L., Sp. Pl. 189. 1753; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4: 90. 1883; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 868(610). 1923; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 171. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 262. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 234. 1985; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 289. 1988; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 250. 1989; 444; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 296. 1990; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 303. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 228. 1995; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 11,17. 1996; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 297. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 212. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 430. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 256. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 201. 1999; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 199. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 324. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 447. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 542. 2009.

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                                        No Data
                                        📚 Meta data
                                        No Data
                                        🐾 Taxonomy
                                        RootRoot
                                        KingdomPlantae
                                        PhylumTracheophyta
                                        ClassMagnoliopsida
                                        OrderGentianales
                                        FamilyLoganiaceae
                                        GenusStrychnos
                                        SpeciesStrychnos nux-vomica L.
                                        📊 Temporal Distribution
                                        📷 Related Observations
                                        👥 Groups
                                        India Biodiversity PortalIndia Biodiversity Portal
                                        TreesIndiaTreesIndia
                                        The Western GhatsThe Western Ghats
                                        PlantsIndiaPlantsIndia
                                        Medicinal PlantsMedicinal Plants
                                        Assam Biodiversity PortalAssam Biodiversity Portal
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